Customer Needs and Expectations Free Essays

Here at Travel Weekly one of the agents at Virgin Atlantic have respected us by composing an article about ‘A day as a representative’ Lets see what Kaye Goodwin from Virgin Atlantic needs to state! In a day of a delegate at Virgin Atlantic I need to take a gander at how these requirements are recognized and I should cover: Customer demands recorded as a hard copy Customer solicitations to agents of associations verbally (up close and personal or phone) Recognition of implicit needs Customer type one: Families In the event that a family was too explicitly stated in a solicitation, since they may have small kids, they might compose their solicitations to me in an email due to comfort and time. For instance: a mother and father of two little youngsters won't have the opportunity to come into the trip specialists to plunk down and mention to me what sort of occasion they might want. Accordingly by sending me an email with the solicitations they might want, it would spare a great deal of time, and I can look into the entirety of the data for them and react back to them through email. We will compose a custom exposition test on Client Needs and Expectations or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now Client type two: Couples If a youthful couple might want to go on a brief break or an occasion, they would come into the trip specialist and plunk down with me also disclose to me where they might want to go and what sort of occasion they might want. For instance: a youthful couple from Central London might want to book an occasion for early December. They come into the trip specialist and plunk down with me and mention to me what kind of occasion they might want. In the wake of gazing upward and talking about various occasions, they would settle on a choice and ideally book the occasion. On the off chance that they might want more opportunity to consider it, I would give them a couple of broachers to bring home with them while they contemplated it. Client type two: Elderly couple An old couple are well on the way to come into the trip specialists and plunk down with me to talk about the occasion they might want to go on. In the wake of talking about a couple of occasions, I would suggest an occasion. E. g. I would state ‘there is a flawless manor in Spain that is on offer right now that is about a large portion of a mile away from the sea shore. On the off chance that one of the couples were to state that they have been to Spain previously and it was excessively hot, or that their accomplice couldn't walk far, that would be known as an acknowledgment of implicit needs, implying that they might want to go to a goal that is at a cooler atmosphere or they might want to remain in convenience closer to the sea shore. Client type four: Disabled People that have an in ability can speak with me in any capacity, I. e. up close and personal, through email or on the phone. On the off chance that a client was to call me and request data on various occasions yet said that they were incapacitated, I would understand this would mean they would be an implicit need, and they would require unique help. For instance if a woman who needed to book an occasion and was visually impaired or outwardly hindered, I would realize that they would require maps or signs to be set up in Brail and raised floors so they know when they are excessively near a pool. Errand 2b †clarify how travel and acknowledgment of their needs. The travel industry associations meet and surpass client desires utilizing models from organizations in the movement and the travel industry that you have explored. At the point when our organization (VA) perceive client needs, the clients can be face for face with one of our agents, have an online visit with one of our delegates or compose their solicitations too us. We address client issues by ensuring that the entirety of the flights work on schedule, aircraft staff are consistently accessible for help and consistently ensure that clients are stayed up with the latest with significant data, for example, flight times, flight postponements and check in times. The way that we address these issues are by keeping staff refreshed with data, standard declarations for clients at the air terminals and ensuring that arrivals/take off are arranged appropriately to maintain a strategic distance from delays if conceivable. Errand 2c †break down how travel and the travel industry associations meet and surpass the client needs and desires through the acknowledgment of their needs. You ought to extend the connections between needs, recognizable proof of requirements and having the option to meet and surpass clients desires. Here at Virgin Atlantic, we recognize and address client issues through client review surveys/remark cards and client gatherings/center gatherings. At the point when the study polls or remark cards have been perused by a part for our staff, as a rule the client support administrator, they at that point break down the entirety of the remarks to discover regions of progress so as to address client issues. For instance, if various clients have griped about staff not knowing evident data I. e. headings around the air terminal, costs of items or check in times, that would reveal to us that our staff are unequipped to support our clients. From this, we will at that point need to acknowledge and work our a method to get more data into our staff so as to address the issues of our clients all the more productively. This should be possible from numerous points of view, anyway the best one for this circumstance is hold standard morning/evening gatherings to keep staff refreshed with data. At the point when we surpass client desires, we like to go that additional mile by giving out clients more inside and out data. A case of this would be the point at which a client solicits essentially the time from their flight, we like to ensure that our staff will completely illuminate our clients regarding their flight time, loading up time, entryway number and if there will be any postponements. At the Martime Museum (NMM) they meet and surpass clients desires by ensuring that the organization works as expected. The entirety of the staff are allowed a multi day acceptance and afterward on-going preparing ace grams are offered to all staff. All staff are completely prepared and new individuals from staff are collaborated with an accomplished colleague to meet the entirety of the clients needs. At NMM there are client remark cards, client studies and center gatherings to guarantee that the association realizes what their clients need and if there are any grievances being made. For a model if the historical center had various protests about staff not having enough item information/data I. e. foundation history of the zone they were working in, that would tell the directors/proprietors that their staff are unequipped to support their clients. From this data, they work their approach to getting more information into their staff. This should be possible from various perspectives yet the best way is give the staff all the more preparing and hold gatherings consistently o ensure that they have satisfactory information to be working with the clients. The most effective method to refer to Customer Needs and Expectations, Papers

Chinese Parenting vs. Western Parenting

English 101 Prof. Shapiro Chinese Parenting versus Western Parenting Everyone who has come to America sought explicit reasons: to get by, to raise a family and, in addition, watch their kids do likewise. I grew up encompassed by family that lone talked about getting the best instruction, with the goal that when we grow up we would be somebody who carries on the family name, be somebody who is famous, that articulated that whatever we were to flourish for the duration of our lives, to make the best out of it. Much the same as Asian guardians, my folks had certain desires from my kin and I as well.As I met my dad, I took in the manner in which he has helped raise us, is very like my grandmas. Despite the fact that they had the characteristics of Western guardians by being severe yet not destructing our mental self portrait, their way of thinking of bringing up youngsters was like Chinese child rearing, they worried for us to make scholarly progress. Mix of the two has given me how sign ificant determined guardians are. Training was extremely imperative to my folks after growing up, they were constantly worried about our schoolwork, examining, meeting educators at school and particularly extra curricular activities.They had a few limitations, yet they were cautious; they didn’t tie us from having the freedom of our own, however it helped them steer us in the correct pathway. I recall well, when we would show up home from school we were requested to get our work done, and concentrate for what was required, and in the event that we luckily had leisure time before resting we were permitted to watch our preferred shows before hitting the hay. On the off chance that we had a test the next day, we realized that we would need to stare at the TV toward the end of the week. Regardless of whether we didn’t do on a par with they would need us to on our test; they would even now adulate us for our effort.The acclaim was a component of Western child rearing, off ered substance to our relationship with them, I accept if my folks didn’t absorb with us just as they did, or grasp our blemishes in a subject, our folks wouldn’t be as close and comprehension to us. It gave me a feeling of understanding that my folks comprehend me also, and need for us to do as well as could be expected under the circumstances. â€Å"The idea of â€Å"self-esteem† was non-presence to them. At the point when I asked my dad what his folks expected of him he stated, â€Å"well, they needed us to do well in school however in particular they needed us to be taught. He said â€Å"we were made a point to welcome our older folks with deference, and if erroneously we didn’t, we were placed in out spots directly before them However, despite the fact that he follows his folks techniques in raising us, he causes we to get it. â€Å"Once when I was youthful, possibly more than once, when I was very insolent to my mom, my dad furiously called me à ¢â‚¬Å"garbage† in our local Hokkien dialect† expressed by Amy Chua in her article, my dad suspects something, He would sit and converse with us about regarding the seniors, to make sure he knows he’s not harming our confidence with shallow cruel words.Some of the exercises we were confined of included not going to sleepovers, it was a piece of the couple of things we weren’t permitted to do. Nonetheless, they caused it to up to us by permitting us to go to birthday celebrations, as we began to get more established. I never truly comprehended concerning why my folks would not permit us to do as such, yet I trust it was for our own advantage. Living in the United States with various religions, it was critical to my folks to do whatever they could to protect it. Whatever they have done, they accept it as their most prized achievement. Since we were youthful, we were placed in an Islamic school, from rudimentary till high school.We comprehended since early on t hat religion was a critical piece of our lives. At the point when I started going to Islamic school in second grade, I had no clue why I wore the headscarf as the uniform alongside long dark dress-type apparel. As I got more established and developed I comprehended my religion with more noteworthy understanding, and alongside that I comprehended why our folks put my sister and I in an Islamic school. As I got to secondary school, maybe my folks left the comprehension of Islam upon us, that’s where I perceived the western characteristics of their qualities, they presently comprehend that the knowledge we have is going to last with us forever.Now that we’ve grown up companions of my folks ask them how they have brought up such youngsters, as it is difficult to accomplish that here in America, which is constantly replied with â€Å"a little control goes far. † Comparing the two styles of child rearing, we’ve seen the battles they’ve experienced to get us where we are today, and it is not out of the question that we do likewise consequently despite the fact that it might never be sufficient, we realize that they would welcome it the same amount of. Word Count: †863

Syzygy, basically.

Syzygy, basically. Several things happened last week of note. Monday was the first day back after Thanksgiving break. And somehow with three problem sets and a presentation in the same week, Id never been so behind on work. For Thanksgiving I had traveled to Maryland (where my mom now lives due to work) to spend the holiday with the family (Mom, Dad, Aunt, Uncle, Cousin in other words, all my relatives that are currently in this country). And considering Thanksgiving is usually just the three of us in a big empty house, the commotion was a welcome change and a nice bend toward normalcy for a family like mine. Unfortunately all this came at the cost of 2 full days of travel. Wednesday was 13 hours including traffic by bus, just me and my suitcase, standing in the cold and chaos of Penn Station, wondering just where I would stay the night in case all the busses ran out of room, Saturday night coming back was 10 hours by car, just me and my dad, 1 phantom of the opera soundtrack, 1 Beatles album, and a trunk loaded up with winter clothes and all manners of sustenance for the finals and final weeks ahead. Mostly junk food. Monday night, I learned a new word: syzygy or the alignment of three celestial bodies in orbit. I was deep in the discussions of Rune financial matters when I received an email from my boyfriend telling me to look up. The moon, jupiter, and venus in a right triangle. Over Kresge. I hope you got to see this, its a pretty incredible sight. It was bizarre like seeing two suns or something. I hear the next one isnt happening for another 20 or 30 years. We climbed up onto a tree. To see The coming together of things. Then Tuesday at 1pm I persuaded my Rhetoric class with facts and figures and a sleek black powerpoint presentation that the LHC isnt going to kill us all. So everybody should just relax. (The link is to my final transcript complete with cues for gestures and slide changes and all along w/ the accompanying presentation). And that would be the last assignment for Rhetoric this semester. Also, that night I attended a physics faculty dinner hosted by the Undergraduate Women in Physics this time with Professor Rajagopal who had lots of advice for the wandering undergrads including, apply to grad school, even if youre not sure youre going to go right away (oops), we ate at The Asgard Pub on Mass Ave. I had delicious salmon which I then heated up and ate for left overs the next night. Then Wednesday was a big day because after all the waiting, all the head scratching, all of the components for our new CCD testbed has finally arrived and the electronics were hooked up and configured and the new linux computer polished up and ready for action. Its hard to describe the kind of relief this brings me. Not only from being relieved of having to work on a 10+ year old sun machine running what appears to be the first version of linux ever, but even being able to do any work at all. Also, we have a totally sweet new 3-axis mount for our star plate for simulating spacecraft jitter. For real. And it came together, finally. So Wednesday I went to check out our new lab bling, and ran some basic functionality tests on the lens/CCD/computer communications, that is to say, I took emo picture of myself through a hole in a piece of aluminum foil covering the lens which made for actually a pretty good pin hole camera. This CCD is much bigger than the old one. You actually are seeing the inside edges of the lens here. So much fun. With Friday came final projects showcases in dance class. Ill post videos (maybe) when they come out depending on how they came out. I dont think they came out all that well. The space was too small for taping. But well see. Anyhow, it went very well, I think. And in the approaching syzygy of classes, that class is now over, too. Confirmed: 2 down. 2 to go.

Free Will And Redemption In The Kite Runner And Oedipus Rex

The themes of The Kite Runner and Oedipus Rex are free will and redemption. The author of each book shows how redemption is a major aspect in both stories by leading up to what each character did of their free will and showing the significance of how vile their mistakes were. Although the two authors thought the way to redemption was pain, the pain was very different in each book. In Oedipus rex, Oedipus took responsibility immediately and thought his redemption could only be fulfilled by exile and piercing his eyes so he could no longer see. Amir in The Kite Runner later took responsibility for his actions, he always felt guilt, never did he think he would find redemption but later he did. Amir met face to face with Assef the barbarian†¦show more content†¦Then I knocked on Baba’s door and told what I hoped would be the last in a long line of shameful lies.† (The Kite Runner page 104). Amir chose to try and get Hassan kicked out because he couldn’t bare the guilt he felt when he looked at him. Oedipus justifies my thesis of free will in Oedipus Rex when he causes his father’s death because of an altercation they had on the road. â€Å"And to you, lady, I shall speak the truth. When traveling near that very triple road, a herald and a man riding there in a chariot, like the man you described, encountered me. Both the one in front and the old man himself drove me from the road with force. In my anger I struck the driver, turning me off the road, and the old man, when he saw, watched me as I passed the chariot and struck me on the head with the two-pronged goad. But he more than paid for it and soon was struck by the scepter from his very hand, lying on his back, at once thrown out of the car. I killed them all.† (Oedipus rex page 38-39). Oedipus had no knowledge that the man he had killed was his father but that does not change the fact that they died at his hand. Not only did Oedipus killed his father he wedded and slept with his mother, which in any society w e see as wrong. â€Å"O marriage, marriage, you brought me forth, and afterwards again you harvested the same seed and revealed father-brothers, children of kin blood, brides who were wives and mothers, and all else counted the most shameful acts by men.† (OedipusShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Oedipus Rex And The Kite Runner1391 Words   |  6 Pagesor destiny is present? Oedipus Rex and The Kite Runner are both profound works of literature that share two immensely universal themes, those themes being fate/free will and divine justice. These two themes are quite prominent throughout both pieces of writing and serve to facilitate a very humanistic connection between the audience and the story. Although both of these stories consist of the two themes mentioned, they each express them in a unique fashion. Oedipus Rex focuses more so on the conceptRead MoreOedipus Rex And The Kite Runner1367 Words   |  6 PagesOedipus Rex and The Kite Runner are both profound works of literature that share two immensely universal themes, those themes being fate and freewill and divine justice. These two themes are quite prominent throughout both pieces of writing and serve to facilitate a very human connection between the audience and the story. Although both of these stories consist of the two themes mentioned, they each express them in a unique fashion. Oedipus Re x focuses more so on the concept of fate whereas The

Erp Definition - 8072 Words

` Proposal for the introduction of an ERP System in Joshua Arkwright Sons Classical bicycle manufacturer Report Submission Data: 11th May 2010 Reported by: 09BSP046 Enterprise Resource Planning Module Group Assignment Table of Contents Section Page 1. Executive Summary 2. Company Situation Analysis 2.1 Company background 2.2 Company situation 2.2.1. Financial Condition 2.2.2. Market Condition 2.2.3. System 2.2.4. Human Recourse 2.3. About SAP R/3 3. Overall project goals 4. Priorities for computerisation 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 5. Evaluation of commercial feasibility: benefits 6. Project Plan References At†¦show more content†¦It may be because of complex, ineffective flow in communication as a result of un-integrated information system in JAS. : Low performance in liquidity may be resulted from poor inventory management and ineffective costs control. Firstly, JAS is facing the cash flow problem because of having too many stocks in warehouse. Secondly, un-integrated information system brings some difficulties in costs control. In-timely and inaccurate customers’ financial data makes JAS difficult to retrieve debtors effectively. 2.2.2 Market The UK Government policies encourage citizens to use more bicycles instead of other transportations as possible as they can because of the congestion and air pollution. In addition, increasingly number of people has treated cycling as an exercise, trip and healthy lifestyle, which promotes the consumption of bicycle. These contribute to the boost of bicycle industry. However, JAS has gained relatively lower market share over the last few years. The level of competitive intensity has a significant impact on JAS’s sales and profit. Firstly, as a medium-sized company providing high-quality bicycles, JAS has been receiving increasing competition from its existing rivals who offer similar products but relatively lower price because of their economies of scale. Some rivals benefit from their high production or lower cost of material and labour, leading to competitive advantage in the marketplace, such as high quality with the relatively lowerShow MoreRelatedCompany Analysis : Pb And The Erp Re Engineering Project1365 Words   |  6 Pagesprovide an overview of the thesis topic including: an introduction to the problem Pitney Bowes (PB) want to solve and the related business topic; the company summary of PB and the ERP re-engineering project which they are undergoing; the objectives and scope as well as the structure of this thesis project. The problem definition will show its importance and rationale to this topic as well as PB. The company summary will provide contextual and valuable background. The objectives an d scope will illustrateRead MoreErp Software : Sap Erp1775 Words   |  8 PagesERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) is a business process managing software which is developed from MRP (Material Requirement Planning). Many organizations and companies are operating ERP in order to improve their working performance, because ERP can integrate all departments of the company which can reduce the operating cost and enhance the working efficiency, ultimately affects the working output. ERP vendors are divided into three types: tier I, tier II, and tier III. Tier I vendors pays attentionRead MoreSystems Applications and Products in Data Processing2232 Words   |  9 PagesApplications and Products in Data Processing. It was Founded in 1972 by Wellenreuther, Hopp, Hector, Plattner and Tschira. SAP by definition is also name of the ERP (Enterprise Resource Planing) software as well the name of the company. SAP system comprises of a number of fully integrated modules, which covers virtually every aspect of the business management. SAP is #1 in the ERP market. As of 2010, SAP has more   than 140,000 installations worldwide, over 25 industry-specific business solutions and moreRead MoreMis Implementon by Coca-Cola Company8373 Words   |  34 PagesJetro Platform (2005) mentioned that CBC had been considering to implement an ERP solution from SAP and wanted to apply server-based computing to reduce expenses of the new software solution.The extra advantages of ERP were obvious but the additional hardware and bandwidth requirements would be too much for the company’s existing infrastructure. They were searching for the fastest possible return on its investment in ERP and a hardware upgrade would have meant waiting a lot longer for their investmentRead MoreHow Erp Can Be Value Added And Potential Risks Involved During The Implementation Of A Cloud Based Erp Solution1340 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment Question 2 How ERP can be value-added and the potential risks involved during the implementation of a cloud based ERP solution Executive Summary According to Joseph M. Mula’s article, â€Å"there was a recent announcement that several ERP providers have pronounced to become significant players in cloud computing. They were all shifting from being software as a service (SaaS) provider to a platform as a service (PaaS) provider. They started to incorporate mobile platformsRead MoreEnterprise Resource Planning ( Erp ) Essay1230 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction: Enterprise resource planning (ERP), when implemented successfully ,can be linked to all departments of the organization to access, share and collect information. It has many functions such as, order administration, manufacturing, human resources, financial systems, and customers into a tightly integrating system with sharing data and visibility and distribution with external suppliers. (Injazz, 2001). â€Å"ERP† is a system is important in the field of businesses because it is usesRead MoreErp as Software as a Service (Saas) for Smes1209 Words   |  5 PagesERP as Software as a Service *(*SaaS*)* for SMEs Table of Contents Page Abstract The main barriers for implementing ERP systems in SMEs were constraints in terms of resources and information, implementation time escalations, poorly defined organisational structures, weak formalisation of procedures or processes, unclear and also confused understanding amongst the employees and management. There are various methods to overcome the barriers of implementing ERP solutions in SMEs. ThisRead MoreAssessing the Functional and Technical Architecture of Enterprise Resource Planning1185 Words   |  5 PagesFunctional and Technical Architecture of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems In Higher Education Introduction The foundational role of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system within an institution of higher education is to serve as a system of record for all interactions while also synchronizing the many systems, processes and platforms to a series of strategic objectives. At the most fundamental, foundational level, an ERP system is a system of record, tracking all transactions, activitiesRead MoreCIS 348 ASSIGNMENT 1970 Words   |  4 PagesStrategy CIO High High Push communications/No engagement/No participation Project sponsor Successful delivery of parts on order and on time by using new ERP Sign off key decisions and phases/stages via existing channels Change Manager High High No engagement ERP Development Delivering ROI Partner in the development of new ERP and enhance communications Project Manager High High Pull communications Project Planning Maintain ability to continue business as usual and what potentialRead MoreA Presentation Of Jena Mines1461 Words   |  6 Pagesan overview of this research.The presentation is made up of the background of study, statement of the problem, purpose of study, objectives of study, research questions, assumptions, significance of study, limitations and delimitations of study, definition of terms and finally, the summary of the chapter. 1.1 Background to the study Jena Mines (PVT) LTD is a gold mine which is situated in Silobela, Kwekwe and is wholly owned by the Zimbabwe Mining Development Corporation (ZMDC). Jena Mines Pvt

Correlational Research Free Essays

Correlational Research â€Å"Correlation is a statistical technique that can show whether and how strongly pairs of variables are related† (Creative Research Systems, 2010). Correlation research method is used in scientific research to study the association and/or relationship between variables. When the association between two variables becomes correlation coefficient, it is being calculated through quantitative measure. We will write a custom essay sample on Correlational Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now The goal for using this method is to observe if one or more variables cause and predict other variables, without having a causal relationship between them (Creative Research Systems, 2010). One great article I found is about money and happiness: â€Å"Can Money Buy Happiness: Are Lottery Winners any Happier in The Long Run? † At first people see how happy and ecstatic people that win the lottery are on television, however, past that point, there are no details on how their life is from there on. The question of whether they are happier or not still remains. The researchers developed the study by asking two paralyzed accident victims, a control group and lottery winners about their level of happiness. There was no statistically significant difference between the lottery winners and the control group with respect to how happy they were at this stage of their lives† (Brikman, 1978). The control group as well as the lottery winners did not give any â€Å"evidence† of how happy they are going to be in couple of years (statistically insignificant). The lottery winners did not think, judge or be concerned about how happy they will be in few years, as the ac cident victims did. The results were that the relationship between money and the level of happiness is not linear. The increase of money might or might not increase your happiness (depends on the events). â€Å"These findings may also suggest that happiness may be relative. We may not be able to reach a higher level of happiness as a result of winning the lottery. Winning the lottery may simply raise our standards† (Brikman, 1978). Researchers may use correlational method to determine variables between characteristics, attitudes, behaviors and events. As I mentioned before, the goal of this method is to find out if there is a direct relationship between the variables, as well as any commonalities in each relationship. Even though it does not indicate the cause and effect relationship, when it’s present, one variable might reflect the change of the other variable. The only way a researcher would find out the effects a variable has on another variable is through research and experiment (Wiley, 2011). When it comes to using correlational method, to develop research, causation must not be used, because it cannot prove that one variable can change the other. The method only shows, in a systematic way that the variables are related. To be able to prove the cause and effect relationship and experimental method must be used. In this case, being that it cannot test the cause and effect, the result can be deceiving and misinterpreted, especially when there are more than two variables involved. When cause and effect cannot be proved through this method, assumption is done, which leads to error in the outcome. Therefore, as mentioned before, correlation does not mean causation, which is a limitation when it comes to conclusions to be made (Bradley, 2000). Positive correlation occurs when the increase of one variable impacts the increase of another variable. For example, the more money people win, the happier they are, however it does not specify long term results. Being that they are happy for the moment, the more times they win, the happier they get, which results in a positive correlation. When it comes to negative correlation, the variables work the opposite: when one increases it impacts the other one to decrease. In the example above, I would say that people that win the lottery also have a lot more responsibilities to handle, which occurs in more effort, time and energy. Their happiness level might increase for the moment; however, it will start to decrease in the long run, due to all the extra â€Å"work† and pressure they would have. Last, but not least, there is the zero correlation that occurs when there is no relationship between the variables. The example study above wants to demonstrate if more money brings more happiness. Being that the two of the subjects did not win the lottery, it would not really prove whether or not money would bring them happiness. Asking about their current and future level of happiness has no correlation with the people that already won the lottery and whose life has hanged (McLeod, 2008). Being that the correlation coefficient does not reflect nonlinear association between two variables, â€Å"the correlation coefficient measures whether there is a trend in the data, and what fraction of the scatter in the data is accounted for by the trend†, as opposed to how nearly a scatterplot follow a straight line (Stark, 2011). Being that correlation coefficient only measures linear relationships, it is possible to see a nonlinear relationship when r is close to 0 or even 0. In this case, the diagram indicates a slight presence of existence of nonlinear relationship between the two variables. If the â€Å"r† is not correctly interpreted, the result will make no sense and therefore a non-sense correlation would occur. One can also assume that the two variables are related, however, it cannot prove that â€Å"r† is the cause and effect of the relationship between the two (Amit, 2009). Another problem that might occur is when the function has multiple independent variables it is very hard to attribute changes to one independent variable. That is why it is important for a researcher to make sure the research is being developed and experimented within the two variables, which means selecting the most significant and credible of the correlated variables and use in the function. When it comes to floor and ceiling effects, a researcher analyzes â€Å"data using analysis of variance, the interaction effect would very likely be statistically significant† (Zechmeister, 2001). When a minimum is scored in any condition of the experiment, a floor effect occurs. However, when a maximum performance occurs, ceiling effect happens. In this case the researcher has the choice to select the dependent variables, to avoid the floor and ceiling and effect, and determine differences across conditions. â€Å"Thus, the danger of floor and ceiling effects is that they may lead researchers to believe an interaction is present in the data, when in fact the interaction occurs because the measurement scale does not allow the full range of responses that participants could make† (Zechmeister, 2001, p. 202). When the experiment is too easy, the experimental manipulation in the ceiling effect shows little or no effect. It can be reduced by making the experiment harder and more challenging. When the task is too challenging or too difficult, the experimental manipulation will not be able to show effect (floor effect). It can be reduced or eliminated by making the experimental task more difficult, that way it will balance. A pilot study may also be conducted to find out if a floor effect or a ceiling effect is present (Huron, 2000). References Bradley, Megan (2000). Cyberlab for Psychology Research. Methods of Research. Retrieved November 26, 2011, from url: http://faculty. frostburg. du/mbradley/researchmethods. html#corr Brickman, P. , Coates, D. , Janoff-Bulman, R. (1978). Lottery Winners and Accident Victims: Is Happiness Relative? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Retrieved November 26, 2011, from url: http://www. psychologyandsociety. com/lotterystory. html Choudhury, Amit (2009). Statistical Correlation. Retrieved November 26, 2011, from url: http://www. experiment-resources. com/st atistical-correlation. html Creative Research Systems (2010). The Survey System. Correlation. Retrieved November 26, 2011, from url: http://www. urveysystem. com/correlation. htm Huron, David (2000). Glossary of Research Terms in Systematic Musicology. Retrieved November 26, 2011, from url: http://musicog. ohio-state. edu/Music829C/glossary. html#floor effect McLeod, Saul (2008). Simply Psychology. Correlation. Retrieved November 26, 2011, from url: http://www. simplypsychology. org/correlation. html Stark, P. B (2001). Correlation and Association. Chapter 7. Retrieved November 26, 2011, from url: http://www. stat. berkeley. edu/~stark/SticiGui/Text/correlation. htm Wiley, John (2011). CliffNotes. Research Designs and Methods. Retrieved November 26, 2011, from url: http://www. cliffsnotes. com/study_guide/Research-Designs-and-Methods. topicArticleId-26831,articleId-26754. html Zechmeister, J. S. , Zechmeister, E. B. , Shaughnessy, J. J. (2001). Essentials of Research Methods in Psychology. Chapter 5. New York: McGraw Hill. Retrieved from Kaplan University DocSharing. Zechmeister, J. S. , Zechmeister, E. B. , Shaughnessy, J. J. (2001). Essentials of Research Methods in Psychology. Chapter 7. New York: McGraw Hill. Retrieved from Kaplan University DocSharing. How to cite Correlational Research, Essays

Operating System

Question: Write a report about the operating system. Answer: The operating system chosen for the host server and why this one was chosen? Vsphere server 2012 is set for the powerful server virtualisation which helps in getting the best performance and the availability with proper efficiency of the infrastructure and the applications. The system of the Operations Management generally moves to the intelligent level which provides a better performance and the availability. This is able to handle the platform automation to hold the consistent management that maximise the benefits of the virtual data centre. The intelligent operations adapts for the specific environment which gives a better options for the handling of operations and safely automate the infrastructure management that guides towards the remediation as well as the customised actions. The cloud API integration with the robust security helps in protecting the data and applications with the more secured bare-metal server that will be able to handle the minimised errors with the streamlines routine tasks. The vsphere has been set for the higher availability which is set to assure about the virtualised IT environment without holding the costs or the complexity of the different clustering solutions. The virtualisation software chosen for this installation? The virtualization software used in this project is: VM ware. Provide full user documentation Considering the virtual switch setup, the network has been set to handle the IP setup with the proper DHCP configuration. This has been the best company which is able to provide the cloud and the virtualization software for the services. This has been properly acquired to run on the Microsoft Windows with the enterprise software hypervisors for the server. The VMWare is set for the asset optimisation which specialised in the capacity planning and the lab management. There have been products of VMWare which provides a complete virtualised software for handling the hardware, video adapter and the other hard disk adapters. There are USB, serial and the parallel devices for working on the high portable computers for the different operations. This allows the migration of the operational guests with the workstation transition. This used the CPU to run the codes on the user mode. The segmentation mechanism can protect and handle the slowdown over the native ranges. This is able to avoid the problem related to virtualisation on the x86 based platforms. This is mainly to deal with the instructions by running on the kernel-code in the user mode. The explanation is based on handling the instructions which read the machine state and do not cause the results of exception. VMWare is for providing a better functionality through the users who work on the virtual machines through the use of the reduced functionality features. Network Report A justification that the network created met the business specifications that were required? The VMWare has been able to set the enterprise level product which is able to deliver a proper and a great performance for the freeware VMware server. This runs on the public cloud platform with the virtual desktop infrastructure. This is based on the web based services to guide the users for the handling of expertise level of the installation and the configuration process. The application management is directed to predate the extensions to the x86 which does not need the enabled processors and work on the designing of the extensions which supports the older processors. The users of the CPU is to run the entire code with the user mode status and the virtual 8086 mode. The execution cannot be done directly. Any recommendations for future requirements? VMWare has been set for the optimisation and so it is important for the handling of the management and operations. The consistent management is able to provide the unified and the easy-to-use management to build in the vSphere. The intelligent operations offers the insights with the operations which directly adapts to the operational automation with the increased control. The intelligent workload balancing is through the visualisation capacity with the hold of clusters with the data centres. The workload capacity optimisation ensure the optimisation of the right sized based environment for handling the right sized based workload demands. The high availability delivers the vest for the virtualised IT environment without the costs or the traditional clustering of the solutions. The data protection delvers the storage efficiency with the backup through the patented variable length deduplication, rapid recovery and the WAN optimisation. The host profiles help in the platform automation w hich will handle the patch vsphere hosts in minutes. There is an update of the manager which reduce the time that has been spent on the remediation with the automation to track, patch and update the hosts. Lessons learnt post project that would change the way the project was implemented next time? The implementation and installation of the system on virtual machine has been very informative. We have learned after implementation that the server could have been installed by using the pre made copy of virtual machine. The VM has been installed on VMWare, but VirtualBox would have been a good candidate as well as a virtualization software. The implementation off various machines could have been done by directly copying the master virtual machine, instead of installing the same OS multiple times. Performance results on the functionality of the network? Recommended Space values for os/systems Win7 64 25GB Win7 64 25GB WinServ12 64 25GB WinServ12 64 25GB WinServ12 64 25GB WinServ12 64 50GB (Mail Server) IPCop 10GB Web Server 10GB VoIP 10GB Total WS Space: 50GB Total Services Space: 155GB Total Space (All): 205GB Current Layout Raid Machine -DC Primary -File Server -VoIP (Pending Investigation for External/Internal Specifications) -IPCop -IP Range192.168.0.0~254 Machine 1 -DC Secondary -Media Server -IP Range 192.168.1.0~254 Machine 2 -DMZ (Web Server) -Mail Server -IP Range 192.168.2.0~254 Wireless access point will be connected to the same switch as General Workstations. IP Range for workstations will be: 192.168.3.0~200 IP Range for Wireless will be: 192.168.3.200~254 Through the use of the above ranges, there have been access points to handle the machines that will be able to tract the web server along with the switch of the IP range. The DC secondary with the media server is able to handle the VoIP that directs for the pending investigation for the different internal and the external specifications. As per the recommendation, there have been space for the handling of the OS system which will help to take hold of the different VoIP services. VMWare is able to handle the services with the restructuring of activities of the different product lines. This is mainly associated to handle the business range that has a maintenance of the intervals. The computation is based on the users who could handle the different parts from the designing slides and compile the content to properly review the documents. The system is set for the user activity monitoring start up that incorporates for the vcloud networking. The system of the machine has been set in the w ay that the operations could be allowed to easily migrate the operational guests with the handling of hardware hosts through the use of same storage systems. Solutions or recommendations to performance issues? As per the results, there have been effective traffic input and the outputs which has a varying average speed on the particular day, in a month or the week. The average incoming traffic during the day time has been 2.691 kbps The average incoming traffic during the week has been 1.955 kbps The average incoming traffic during the month has been 429.084 bps. As per the results, there have been effective traffic input and the outputs which has a varying average speed on the particular day, in a month or the week. The average incoming traffic during the day time has been 2.691 kbps The average incoming traffic during the week has been 1.955 kbps The average incoming traffic during the month has been 429.084 bps. There have been operations that direct to handle the operations and the other configuration of the server to the switches. There is a need to handle the remote desktop for the DC server which is able to ensure the NICS working through the ping. The setup is done through the firewall or the router which handles the hypervisor. The configuration of the VPN system set is mainly to handle the checklists which work on the installation and the setup of the virtual machine GDvpSRV006. This is mainly to handle and configure the web server creation that directs to the installation as well as the setup of the system. Workforce Evaluation Report How you rate your own performance in the project? As per the work, the performance has been commendable as all the tasks have been performed in the way they were proposed. A proper installation of the server 2012 and working on the configuration of the Web server system is done as per the analysis on the checklist. There is a need to handle the setup of the virtual machine which directs to the download of all the exchange files as well as working over the system analysis. What tasks you performed for the team? The completed tasks described in detail? How you rate the teams performance? Every team member has been able to equally handle the problems and are able to work over it efficiently in time. The firewall configuration and the router configuration has been completed as per the instructions which direct to the test server and the other platform installation work. Your opinion on the issue of did everyone do an equal amount of work? Everyone worked on the issues equally and the team proved to be a helping hand for the completion of the project.

Adventures Of Huck Finn By Twain Essays - English-language Films

Adventures Of Huck Finn By Twain Mark Twain's novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a perfect example of how one's heart and morals can change in difficult situations. Huck's journey down the Mississippi River tested him to his limits of being able to handle situations in the way which he had been raised. Huck shows that how one is raised is something that will impact them tremendously in the rest of their life and that it is hard to change from what you've been molded into. Early in the novel Huck shows how much of a rebellious and joking boy he truly is. "I put out the light and I scrambled out of the window...,"(pg. 17) says Huck. Huck, at a young age, began getting himself into many difficult situations, such as escaping from the cave in Tom Sawyer. Huck often has a hard time abiding by rules, keeping himself out of trouble, and comprehending the things he has been taught. However, he does learn one thing, that he is better than the Negroes. So, as young boys, Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer spend a good bit of their time playing tricks on Ms. Watson's slave, Jim. "He slipped Jim's hat off his head and hung it on a limb right over him...,"(pg. 19) tricks like these which Huck is never punished for are part of what confirm the teaching that he is in fact better than blacks. This conditioning as a young child is what makes it difficult for him to deal with Jim as an equal later in life. Once on the river Huck has a much more difficult time as he not only has to deal with Jim but also the King and Duke who join them on their journey. The King and Duke's actions around Huck make him realize that he needs to change his morals. When Huck realizes that the King and Duke are impostors his learning experience begins. "It didn't take me long to make up my mind that these liars warn't no kings nor dukes at all, but just low-down humbugs and frauds." This statement shows that Huck has feelings about the King and Duke that show that his morals are of the kind which will not selfishly go against other's trust. Once the King and Duke decide on cheating the Wilks family, Huck says, " It was enough to make a body ashamed of the human race."(pg. 225) When he says this it shows that he is definitely changing for the better. Until the trip down the river Huck's life was something that he never took very seriously. He would play jokes on innocent people just to see what would happen, such as when he and Tom hung Jim's hat on the tree branch. As the river brings Huck and Jim together in a strong friendship, Huck sees that Jim is actually an equal who has feelings. So when it comes time for Huck to go against everything he has ever been taught, he does it, just to save Jim. "All right, then, I'll go to hell,"(pg. 297), says Huck just as he decides that he'll go ahead and do all he can to get Jim out of his life as a "slave" once and for all. This action shows that his sound heart took precedence over everything that his mentors placed in his mind. This turn around shows that Huck is a very civilized human being with a conscience that changes from what he was taught to what he truly believes in. Huck breaks free of his mold and becomes his own person. As soon as Huck realizes that his morals are incorrect he immediately begins changing them. His change from a person who plays jokes on Negroes for the fun of it to a person who steals them from slavery is a transition for the better. Huck Finn most definitely demonstrates the victory of a sound heart over a deformed conscience.

Long and Short term Memory

Long and Short term Memory According to psychology, memory is the ability of a human being to store, retain, and recall information and experience that characterize life. Although Lewandowsky, et,al,(2004) notes â€Å" several intermediate states are less well understood, short-term and long-term memories are accompanied by different biological states and mechanisms of retention and therefore there are two distinct forms of memory†. Human beings have two types of memory to hold information: the long term and short memory.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Long and Short term Memory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Long-term memory (LTM) stores information for a longer time than short memory: It is different from the STM in structure and function. â€Å"Biologically, short-term memory is a temporary potentiation of neural connections that can become long-term memory through the process of rehearsal and meaningful association† Parmentier, et al (2005). There is no researcher who is sure of the process but they say that it results in the transformation of the configuration of the neurons but the time that it takes is also debatable. The short term memory is also referred to as active or primary memory as it holds minute quantity of data at a particular time and it only remains obtainable for a short duration. The duration is estimated in seconds and research has it that the short term memory keeps information for 7 seconds plus two or minus two depending on an individual because its length is about seven bits. The memory works like a computers RAM memory; it provides a operating space then transfers the details to the other memory or discards it if its not necessary and the information is also vulnerable to interruption and interference. â€Å"Biologically short term memory involves the firing of neurons which depletes the Readily Releasable Pool (RRP) of neurotransmitter vesicles at presynaptic termin als. The pattern of depleted presynaptic terminals represents the long term memory trace and the depletion itself is the short term memory† (Nairne, 2002). The short term memory The short term memory has three major operations: the iconic memory, the acoustic memory and the working memory. The iconic memory memorizes the visual images, the acoustic grasps the sounds and it more effective that the iconic. Information can be easily recalled by this memory depending on the length, phonological effect, semantic categories and words familiarity. Short-term memory relies generally on an acoustic code than the visual code for accumulation of information because People always find it difficult to remember a series of words that are acoustically similar for instance, dog, hog, and log).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Davelaar, et, al, (2005) notes â€Å"short-term m emory is supported by transient patterns of neuronal communication, dependent on regions of the frontal lobe (especially dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and the parietal lobe†. The working memory stores the information until it is used and not until it’s moved to the long term .For example, when memorizing a telephone number it keeps the digits until one dials the numbers. It therefore keeps information for immediate use and not for latter use. The procedure of conveying information from STM to LTM entails the encoding and consolidation of information: it is not a task of time; the more the data resides in STM it increases the chances of it being transferred into the long term memory but multifaceted data is sorted out in the STM ahead of it being programmed into LTM. The Long-Term Memory Information is stocked up on the origin of sense and significance and it also has a huge capacity. Information from the short term memory is transferred to it through rehearsal and als o information learnt over a period of time is transferred to the long term memory and can only be removed by interfering with it or through decay . The information we store in it has to do with our understanding and views concerning issues around us. Significant information gained is also stored there and is retrieved according to need; for example learning new technology and applying the knowledge every time one needs it. Information is stored in mental models known a â€Å"schemas† the schemas are arranged in a manner that they are related through networks depending on the information that each contains. One schema therefore activates the other which also does so to the next hence creating a link and therefore enabling people to remember the required information when similar data is presented. The schemas guide our minds to the relevant information while ignoring the irrelevant .Therefore for one to easily remember something it’s advisable to use questions or graphic al presentations to activate the schemas. The brain does not put everything together in a single compartment like it is in computers hard disk drive but instead there are different parts for storage. The long term memory is divided into two main regions: declarative memory and implicit memory also known as procedural memory. â€Å"Declarative memory comprises of all memories that are consciously available such as: the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and perirhinal cortex, but consolidated and stored elsewhere in the cortex† Scruggs, Mastropieri, (1997). The region also has further subdivisions: the episodic memory (precise events) and the Semantic memory which holds general information about outside issues. The other main region is the procedural memory: it involves knowledge involving use of objects and body movements and it is stored by the cerebellum and the striatum.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Long and Short term Memory specificall y for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is another type of memory that is found in both of the above regions that is, the emotional memory: these memories are knowingly accessible, but they draw significant, unconscious physiological response. Luck, Vogel(1997) note â€Å"they also have a unique physiological pathway that involves strong connections from the amygdala into the prefrontal cortex, but much weaker connections running back from the prefrontal cortex to the amgydala.† There are also other types of memories that researchers claim that they exist but have not proven it, such as: Prospective memory and retrospective memory. â€Å"LTM also has a strong influence on perception through top-down processing our prior knowledge affects how we perceive sensory information. Our expectations regarding a particular sensory experience influence how we interpret it and it is the source of bias† (Brown, ET, al, 2007). Factors affecting memory efficiency To remember information one has to retrieve it from an unconscious level and take it to the conscious at will; most people always assume they have a physical problem with their memory when they do not remember things but actually it is a part of the memory system that is usually inefficient. A well functioning memory system must register, retain and retrieve information efficiently and thus so as to remember things the three processes must take place. Failure to register or encode information can be due to distractions such as noise, stress, multi tasking or poor concentration. Retrieving issues usually occur if there is a problem in matching retrieval cues and the encoding of the information you searched. There are two categories of information retrieval: recall (information is sourced from the memory) and recognition. When information has been presented and knowledge showing that it has been encoded appears, then that is recognition. Recognition is less complex because the information is provided as a cue while in recall retrieval cues have to be provided to ensure quick access of information. Other issues causing memory problems are: old age, emotional factors, traumatic brain injury leading to, anterograde, amnesia and partial retrograde amnesia; or a neurodegenerative diseases such as; Alzheimers Disease, Dementia, Huntingtons Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinsons Disease, and Schizophrenia and currently they are not curable. Emotional factors also affect long-term memory but there have been arguments on whether the information gets lost or it only becomes difficult to access and as mentioned earlier: Information can sometimes be difficult to recall but can be recognized, or may be recalled only with prompting.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As people age the efficiency of their memory deteriorates leading an experience known as memory loss: this can be minimized at an early age by adjusting our lifestyles. People can also enhance their short term memory so that they remember more even information that was acquired two minutes ago. All of the above can be achieve by use of some methods and techniques recommended by psychologists and biologists. First, one has to identify the factors that largely affect memory efficiency, some of which are: â€Å"stress, lack of sleep, lack of exercise and lack of proper nutrients essential for proper brain functioning† Davelaar, ET, al, (2005). It is essential to avoid stress or deal with it especially if ones’ lives or works within a stressful environment. Regular people find themselves mostly around these two surroundings and therefore if they are stress inducers they can have a big effect on ones psychological health. People therefore need to get rid of that stress by u se of: â€Å"De-stressing techniques such as; body massages, long baths, hanging out with friends. Consumption of vitamins such as B-complex, zinc and foliate will also be very helpful in such situations† Cowan (2001). Another factor affecting memory efficiency is sleep; one of the core functions of sleep is to process information gained in the long term memory. Sleep also improves memory by ensuring proper functioning of the brain and eight hours of sleep are recommended for this. Sometimes people may not sleep due to stress, warm milk or chamomile tea can help in such situations. Another method of enhancing the brain’s performance is by exercise because it increases oxygen circulation in the brain. The current working surroundings often are characterized by doing several jobs simultaneously hence the brain is forced to focus on many things at once. The best way to handle such work is to remember it in the short term memory for efficiency and the only way of achieving this is by being alert. One of the mostly recommended strategies in enabling the short term memory to perform is use of mnemonics especially if a large amount of information is involved. It is vital to note that the memory makes use of mnemonics to activate definite physiological responses which are mostly related to senses. These senses are: images, sounds, colors, tastes, smells, touch, language and emotions. Miller, (1956) notes â€Å"associating a pleasant, frightening or funny image, color or sound to certain information also helps people to recall better† After the mnemonics are well understood, steps to improve the short term memory starts and the first step should be memorizing new information, then teaching that information to others follows, this enables one to know what information has been stored and that which has not yet. The next step is to re-organize the information so as to strengthen the short term memory; â€Å" it involves writing down information, read ing out loud, listening, and Writing down information; seeing also helps to engage more than one sense at the same time† Oberauer and Kliegl (2006). In addition, use of graphical information as said earlier increases the brain’s speed to process information. Another strategy is use of chunking: â€Å"it has been proven to be a significant aid for enhancing the STM transfer to LTM because the STM’s capacity is limited to about seven items, regardless of the complexity of those items† Jonides, et, al, (2008).Chunking permits the brain to routinely assemble certain items simultaneously, consequently enhancing the ability to remember and learn better. It usually involves organizing information in groups before encoding it in the memory. For example, when trying to memorize a phone number it is advisable to divide the seven digit number into twos or threes and may be depending on their meaning: Such numbers have the area codes, then six other digits which can b e divided into threes hence making it easier to remember the separated digits instead of 10 of them. Regular use of information in the long term memory also increases the efficiency of memory: Nairne, (2002) notes â€Å"In one testing session, an American cross-country runner was able to recall a string of 79 digits after hearing them only once by chunking them into different running times for instance, the first four numbers were 1518, a three-mile time.† There are many other ways of improving memory efficiency this include; taking medication and some drugs that should be recommended by a physician for instance, nicotine has been previously recommended but it has to be legally prescribed. Critical thinking can also improve the memory’s efficiency while also accompanied by making rational decisions. Another activity that would be suitable is writing; people can make a habit of writing down information directly from their minds; small, simple journals would be appropria te. People facing traumatic experiences that are affecting their memory should seek psychiatric help to assist them deal with the problem. The short term memory can only keep information for about seven seconds but depending on the individual it can be plus or minus two. The information then decays after that, but it can be kept longer by rehearsing or saying aloud. Researchers have not yet discovered the real reason as to why the information decays and yet the memory can take new information a second after the other has been deleted. The long term memory is said to keep information permanently but it also depends on the importance of the information and its utilization. Important information and frequently used information is easily recalled while that which is not really important can get lost over a period of time. The long term memory can however keep information for the entire life time of a person’s existence with the help of a protein known as kinase. In conclusion the human memory is divided into two as said earlier; the two memories have their specific functions and they are interdependent since information has to pass through the short term memory before it goes to the long term and it is the duty of the latter to store it. Memory efficiency varies in human beings depending with everyone’s daily experiences. However everyone should ensure that their brain is functioning properly because it is the core organ determining memory efficiency. People should also avoid stress, feed on a balanced diet and exercise regularly to keep the brain healthy and active. Reference List Brown, G. D. A., Neath, I., Chater, N. (2007). A ratio model of scale-invariant memory and identification. Psychological Review, 114, 539-576 Cowan, N. (2001). The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, 97-185. Davelaar, E. J., Goshen-Gottstein, Y., A., A., Haarmann, H. J., Usher, M. (2005): The demise of short-term memory revisited: empirical and computational investigation of recency effects. Psychological Review, 112, pp. 3–42. Jonides, J., Lewis, R. L., Nee, D. E., Lustig, C. A., Berman, M. G., Moore, K. S. (2008). The mind and brain of short-term memory. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 193-224. Lewandowsky, S., Duncan, M., Brown, G. D. A. (2004). Time does not cause forgetting in short-term serial recall. Psychonomic Bulletin Review, 11, 771-790. Luck, S. J., Vogel, E. K. (1997). The capacity of visual working memory for features and conjunctions. Nature, 390, 279-281. Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63, 81-97. Nairne, J. S. (2002). Remembering over the short-term: The case against the standard model. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 53-81. Oberauer, K., Kliegl, R. (2006). A formal model of capacity limits in working memory. Journal of Memo ry and Language, 55, 601-626. Parmentier, F. B. R., Elford, G., Maybery, M. (2005). Transitional information in spatial serial memory: path characteristics affect recall performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 31, 412-427. Scruggs, T. E., Mastropieri, M. A., â€Å"Mnemonic instruction for students with learning disabilities: What it is and what it does,† Learning Disabilities Quarterly, 1990, vol. 13, 271-280.

Visit the Jurassic Quest Exhibit and Report of geology Essay

Visit the Jurassic Quest Exhibit and Report of geology - Essay Example Some of the dinosaurs in the exhibit seem a life with sounds and movement. These are labelled moving Dinosaurs. By the touch of a button one is able to control the movement of a variety of the animatronics dinosaurs (Andrew, 68). Such event makes visitors happy due to the fact that they allow them to learn while controlling their movement, the breathing and more produce sound such as roaring. More interesting one can control their heads, arms, and tails as it comprises of different buttons that match to different body parts. I realized that no matter the age was fun not found in museums. Alongside animatronics dinosaurs that have movement capability, there is static one that is at a standstill. These are labelled Museum quality dinosaurs. These static dinosaur replicas are of museum quality which is automatically balanced to depict the palaeontologist recognized findings. These dinosaurs are well positioned in the exhibit so that people are able to touch and feel them. This activity is highly supported as it is what brought about the different discoveries on dinosaurs. In addition to the exhibition part, is a realistic scene shown by the use of digital screens. This assists in the learning of different features of the dinosaurs. Every scene stands for dinosaurs from a given time period that best shows when the dinosaur was in existence. One gets involved into the scenes by the use of sounds, sight, and motion by use of extraordinary sounds effects, lighting, animatronics and fog. In it an environment, taking one back when dinosaurs were in existence is exhibited with backdrops, rocks, flooring and plant materials. There were different dinosaur exhibits available for viewing. These included Gigantoraptor, Sinosauropteryx and T.rex juvenile, Eoraptor a bird like creature, Jobaria a 22 meters long necked plant eater, a seven meter plant eater

Analysis of the Contract Law Cases Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Analysis of the Contract Law Cases - Assignment Example The organizer or the person who got the contract from the company can express disclaim for all the liability and damage to persons or goods including the exhibits or furnishings in the premises. This exclusion of the liability generally will be irrespective of cause or responsibility. The exclusion of the liability cause will be complete if the damage is a result of the organizer’s buildings or furnishings. In this contract, this exclusion is not included. The damage due to the external causes can be excluded and the remaining damages can be excluded from the liability of the contractor to whom the retail sales contract has been awarded. The liability cause is limited to the internal cause in case of damage and the external causes cannot make contractor bind over for the damage. In the third express term, the price variation clause of raw material can be considered. This is because the company is awarding a retail sales contract. This should include the wage variation that cau ses price variation. In the case of industrial tenders, the raw material supplied can be considered for the price variation. In the case of retail sales, the goods supplied by the company to the retail contractor can be considered as the raw material and the price variation clause can be applied. The supplier has to mention the base price of the material supplied to the retail contractor. According to unfair contract terms act 1977, the references to liability are needed to be considered. The liability of an occupier of the premises for breach of an obligation or duty towards a person obtaining access has to be mentioned in that context. This access is restricted because the company awarding the contract can claim that the equity regarding the premises and the business is owned by it. Here this clause can be termed as unfair because the contractor who got permission for retail sales from the company is paying an amount to the company and the amount includes the value of the material supplied. If the company wants to own the equity, it can take the money as deposit regarding the material supplied only.        Ã‚  

Ticket Booking Indian Railways

Ticket Booking Indian Railways South Central Railway was formed on 2nd October, 1966 as the 9th zone of the Indian Railways. In its forty two years of committed service and path breaking progress, South Central Railway has grown to a modern system of mass transportation fulfilling the aspirations of the passengers/customers and carved a niche for itself in Indian Railways system. Strategically positioned in the southern peninsula, this dynamic organization with its headquarters at Secunderabad serves the economically vibrant state of Andhra Pradesh, Parts of Maharashtra, Madya Pradesh and Tamilnadu. From the days of steam hauled locomotives and wooden plank seats, South Central Railway has come a long way modernizing its system with the state of the art high powered Diesel and Electric Locomotives, high speed telescopic Passenger Coaches, and higher axle load wagons, higher capacity track in all important routes, multiple aspect color light signaling with solid state inter locking, and micro wave digital communication system etc. Over the years, South Central Railway has attained sufficient transportation output with adequate infrastructure development and technological upgrading to serve the regions in its jurisdiction. Safe operation of trains, expansion of net work, modern Passenger amenities, Punctuality of trains, courteous service and cleanliness in stations and trains remain always the thrust areas of this Railway. Being a service oriented organization, South Central Railway provided Computerized Passenger Reservation System at 85 Stations/locations covering 96% of the berths available. In the a rena of information dissemination to the rail customers, it has provided Inter-active Voice Response System (IVRS) for Reservation and train enquiry, National Train Enquiry System (NTES) for real time information on movement of trains, Passenger Operated Enquiry Terminals (POET) with information on availability of accommodation and confirmation and Close Circuit Television (CCTV) for real time reservation avail ability status at all important stations in its system. For mass movement of freight, S.C.Railway has introduced high horse powered Diesel and Electric Locomotives and high speed, higher Axle load Box-N-Wagons. Today, South Central Railway plays a pivotal role as a catalyst for agricultural and industrial development in the Southern peninsula apart from fostering the growth of trade and commerce including import/export through ports by connecting sea ports with their hinder land and inland containerdepots. Its reliable and comfortable Passenger Services for long and short distance travel by way introducing many super fast and intercity trains helps transform the society by catering their personal, business, educational and tourism purposes. Milestones South Central Railway was formed on 2nd October, 1966 by grouping Vijayawada and Hubli Divisions of Southern Railway and Secuderabad and Solapur Division of Central Railway. Jurisdictional adjustments were made in October, 1977 by merging Guntakal Division of the Southern Railway with South Central Railway and transferring Solapur Division back to Central Railway. Secunderabad Division was bifurcated in February, 1978 into two Divisions Secunderabad and Hyderabad to facilitate effective operational and administrative control. On 1st April, 2003, the newly formed Guntur and Nanded Divisions of South Central Railway became operational and Hubli Division was transferred to the newly formed South Western Railway. Presently, South Central Railway has six Divisions Viz., Secunderabad, Hyderabad, Vijayawada, Guntur, Guntakal and Nanded with 5752 Route KMs of which 1604 RKms are electrified. After its inception, SC.Railway laid 342.805 RKMs of new lines, converted 2676.19 RKMs from MG to BG and carried out doubling of track on 1272.453 RKms, constructed many major river bridges including the engineering marvels Viz., II Godavari Bridge and III Godavari Bridges at Rajahmundry. Towards customer Satisfaction, it had established the Computerized Passenger Reservation Systems at 85 Stations/locations and offer reservation by any train from any station in the Country. For gaining efficiency in freight operations, SCR established Freight Operations Information System (FOIS) in its jurisdiction and has already introduced Rack Management Systems at 23 Stations and Terminal Management System at 31 Stations. Its Passenger and Freight performance has met with stupendous leaps forward. The freight loading which was only 9.00 million tons in the year of its inception, i.e., 1966 has seen a quantum jump and touched 44.79 Million tons in the financial year 2003-2004. Passenger transport too has met with tremendous growth touching 195.65 millions in the year 2003-2004 as against 50 millions in the year of inception and the gross earnings from Rs. 58.00 Cr. to 3683.00 Cr in the year 2003-2004. Purposes: Alvesson (1996) claims that a situational approach enables leadership to be viewed and studied as a practical accomplishment (p. 476) rather than starting with a conceptualization of leadership as whatever the appointed leader does. This approach seems particularly well suited to networking professionals in which technical knowledge needs to be shared. In this project, I will explore how the booking system is made via wireless network without facing the hassles unlike standing in queue and tickets can be booked from any places or stations. In particular, I will focus on how online booking from the technical perspective members influence the direction of the team as well as the relationships and identities of individual members and the identity of the team as a unit, and how their interaction is enabled and constrained by social and cultural influences (e.g., organizational culture, national/ethnic culture, and gender). Such a study should give insights into the working standards of the Indian Railways, an organizational form that is rapidly gaining in popularity and acceptance. Also, the study will test the usefulness of a perspective (the situational approach) that is underdeveloped in the leadership literature. Background: I will conduct my study in a team that is restricted within a particular Division within the City Council. IRCTC has several online reservation counters, each of which is responsible for online ticket booking within one geographical section of the city. This particular team includes four men and a woman. Three of the men are in their thirties and one in his early 50s; the woman is in her thirties. They are assigned to an area around City. They start each day with a brief (15-45 minute meeting) on an agreed upon site, often just gathering around the back of a truck for their meeting. I will attend these three mornings a week for four weeks, and will stay on to observe their work for approximately 20 hours during the four week period. My primary focus will be on their interaction in meetings, although I will also observe (and perhaps enquires about) interactions during their other work. Scope: I will engage in participant-observation over a six-week period, for approximately four hours per week. I will typically observe the morning meetings and stay for an hour or so to observe their other work. On some days I may come at other times of the day for comparison. I will not schedule structured interviews, but will interview member staff at the reservation counters informally, as needed to clarify and provide insight into specific conversations. Theoretical framework: I will be guided most generally by the interpretive perspective, and more specifically by Indian Railways staff based situational approach. The interpretive perspective places the focus on interpreting the meanings and perspectives of cultural members, and how these meanings are negotiated (Trujillo, 1992). I am exploring the meanings the sales staff and customers have for themselves as individuals and for their relationships, as well as the meanings sales staff have for the organization, group, and profession of which they are working 247. The situational approach directs me to choose one or a few specific interactions to explore in depth. Thus, an appropriate means of investigating the topic from this perspective is observation of conversation, plus interviewing the interact ants to understand the meanings they have for their symbolic interactions. Method: 1. Conduct a literature review on leadership and communication in SMTs. 2. Observe the group four hours per week for six weeks, focusing mostly on conversations at team meetings, especially those conversations in which the group addresses changes to their work processes and issues of team relationships and identity (ies). 3. Interview team members to clarify and provide insight into conversations. I will attempt to conduct these interviews shortly after conversations of interest. While the interviews will not be formal or structured, the kinds of questions I will ask include the following. The general strategy for the interviews is to start off with broad questions and follow up on the interviewees responses, to capture her or his meanings and to avoid imposing my meanings on the interviewee. a. Tell me about the conversation you just had with X. b. What were you thinking during the conversation? c. What do you think she/he was thinking? d. What do you think she/he was trying to do (or accomplish) in the conversation? e. What did you mean when you said, ? f. What were you thinking when you said that? g. What do you think she meant when she said ? h. When you think about what you did and said in that conversation, how would you describe yourself? 4. Undertake a situational analysis of the field notes and interview notes, guided. 5. Write a research report that combines my understanding of the relevant theory and previous research with the results of my empirical research. Timetable: Prepare proposal by 15 October Complete literature review by 30 October Complete fieldwork by 10 November Complete analysis by 20 November Give presentation on 4 January Complete final report by 12 January Limitations: Time constraints of the semester require less time than may be ideal for an ethnographic study. By being in the organization for only four hours a week for five weeks, there are bound to be aspects of leadership practice, organizational culture and team communication that will not be revealed during my observations. Being an outsider may also limit what is revealed to me. The team members may be guarded in their conversations around me, especially in my initial observations. Delimitations: I am choosing not to observe multiple teams, even though such comparisons might be valuable, in order to allow more depth of understanding regarding the group on which I will focus. Additionally, I will not use structured interviews in order to minimize my obtrusiveness and my influence on the team members. Literature Review: Indias Railway network being one of the second largest all over the globe and anybody can travel at anywhere places through the train services. However in terms of tourists who want to visit places do not have any special mode or medium whereby tickets could be booked easily. In most of the trains special seats are reserved for the tourists. Which simplifies that if all the seats are completely booked things are assured that this tourists get to seat till others havent booked up the seats (Bruyn, Venkatraman and Bain, 2006). This is one of the main information that needs consideration as any agent would not be able to book seats on anybodys behalf or can booked from the everyday booking window. The main challenge that lies in the reservation system is supporting a huge range of database for holding information. Indian Railways over years has been the most considered user of IT in India. When it was first introduced into the market computerized passenger traffic and accounting of rail ways, operating statistics, and payroll and inventory management was started through using computers paled at all regional zones (Kamel, 2006). The Computer based Passenger Reservation System (PRS) was introduced by Central for Railway Information System (CRIS) whereby passengers had the privilege of booking tickets through PRS which were found in all major terminals who have their own local database. In this kind of circumstances reservations only covered trains that departed from local terminals. But in the later phase when CRIS introduced Country Wide Enhanced Reservation and Ticketing System (CONCERT) that was developed with the intention to connect five passenger reservation centers from any station or terminal of the Indian Railways so that reserved tickets could be provided from any reservation counter (Kamel, 2006). Later all the PRS were attached together where by the system would have the capability of handling a higher volume of reservation every day. It was one of the mo st aspiring initiatives by the Indian Railways that reduced the passengers time in terms of being held up at the queue for a long period of time. But situations have shown that till now passengers need to move to the station to book their railway tickets. In India since train is considered as one of the most convenient mode of communication so information regarding bookings, train availability, journey fares, accommodation availability and reservation of tickets is the crucial factor for the general mass. Earlier methods like enquiry at the help desk counter, information gathering through TV or through radio were the methods used earlier. In due later phase when internet booking and ticketing services through the e-commerce channel it gathered sufficient interest to the general public. In this regard IRTC in collaboration to CRIS launched its wholly owned website (www.irctc.co.in). This venture changed the whole image of Indian Railways ticket booking system. This helped passengers to get hold of their tickets from the departure station to the destination station without facing the hassles standing in long queue at the railway booking counters. Any passenger at this point of time can visit the website at get their desired information regarding train timings and ticket availability. Later on getting the train details and the suitability in terms of travelling tickets they just needed to fill in the online application form which contained about the details of the journey. During the payment stage the user was transferred to a suitable payment gateway where they need to furnish the details of their debit/credit card at it was certified by the VeriSign. When the transaction was completed the passenger would receive an e-mail that contained the Passenger Name Record (PNR). In this new technological world Indian Railways are considerably looking to get started with the new technological phase of wireless technology. In the discussion as embarked that mobile services has been picking up on a massive scale for the last couple of years. In todays date around 7 million text messages are sent by Indian counterparts everyday life and nearly 80% of Indians use the facility of SMS in major counterparts (Dutta and Shridhar, 2004). Most of the service providers in India have upgraded their mobile technology from 2G to 3G service which has processing speed of high data connection mechanism. Nowadays mobile handsets have the facility of GPRS and WAP that are flooded in Indian markets. With respect to matching and catching up with this technological advancement IRCTC introduced the option of ticket booking via mobile handsets. In present scenario tickets can be booked via mobile phone through voice recognition system. This proved flexibility in terms of passengers w ho could get hold of the tickets of any places sitting in any corner of the world. The project implementation of online ticket booking through internet and telephone prompted other service providers like telecom industries and broadband service providers to enable the payment process through their own systems. Through this project it has shown that if consumers are provided the much needed comfort and flexibility depending on the indented products or service that would sell, consumers are always likely to adapt the technology in other horizons. The Electronic Ticket system (ETS) is specifically designed software through which passengers would have the flexibility through which railway tickets could be purchased through usage of smartcard. In this the payment is made via wireless network with the connecting computer system at the Railway Company which is itself connected through clearing house and a trust centre (Wieringa, 2003).

The Theme of Death in Poetry Essay -- Robert Frost Emily Dickinson Poe

The Theme of Death in Poetry Robert Frost and Emily Dickinson are two Modern American Poets who consistently wrote about the theme of death. While there are some comparisons between the two poets, when it comes to death as a theme, their writing styles were quite different. Robert Frost’s poem, â€Å"Home Burial,† and Emily Dickinson’s poems, â€Å"I felt a Funeral in my Brain,† and â€Å"I died for Beauty,† are three poems concerning death. While the theme is constant there are differences as well as similarities between the poets and their poems. The obvious comparison between the three poems is the theme of death. Both poets, in these works and many others, display a fascination with the death of themselves as well as the death of peers, and loved ones. Both Frost and Dickinson experienced a great deal of death throughout each of their lives. Frost’s greatest loss was the death of his son, which is greatly depicted in his poem â€Å"Home Burial.† Dickinson suffered the loss of many friends and family. She spent a lot of her time in her room looking out upon the headstones of these people. The only strong comparison between the poets, in terms of structure and technique, is that the meaning of their poems run much deeper then the specific words on a page. Even this can come as a contrast when looking at these three poems. â€Å"Home Burial,† by Frost is a fairly straightforward poem, written in dialogue, with the writer working as the narrator. The poem is about a married couple dealing wi...

Report- Dimensions of Diversity Essay

Dimension of Diversity Race and/or gender are not the definition of diversity. Diversity is all of us and how we are so different. To better understand diversity it can be broken down into four different dimensions and classifications. These points will help you begin to pick apart the complex topic of diversity. Dimensions 1. Dimension may be hidden/ visible a. Race, gender and possible age or wealth index may be a visible dimension that / would classify people into one group. b. Intelligent, non-religious, and vegetarian are term that would identify a person to one group that would be hidden, until of course the person shared the information. b.i. Example- Sarah is a Caucasian, female in 40’s that is athletically built, truthful and caring. The first 4 descriptive words are physical traits that people can see. The last two characteristics are something that are not seen, but after time spent with Sarah it would be known. 2. Dimensions of diversity are found within groups as well as individuals a. Each person is different, so even when there is a group of like people there are going to be difference within the group. a.i. Example- In a small diversity class of students there are 20 or so students that are all working towards passing the class taught by Madison. All thought the group of people all are working towards the same goal; they are all very different in their approach to passing the class. They are all students, but they are graduating at different times, they have different working styles, communication styles and are different ages. 3. Dimensions of diversity are in a constant state of flux a. Individuals are constantly changing as well as the environment around them a.i. Example- When Danielle B. is at school she sees herself and acts as a student, but when she is at home or with family she sees herself and acts like a mother. 4. Dimensions of diversity are not always clear cut or easily defined a. Diversity is not the same to everyone a.i. Some people believe that diversity is simple race and/ or gender. Diversity is multidimensional and has various classifications from different scholars. Breaking down diversity helps us to become more aware of differences among individuals. Classifications of diversity 1. Personal Characteristic (hidden/visible) a. Appearance, health, educational background, family/marital status, faith, religion and recreation 2. Location Characteristics a. Housing, neighborhood, city, state, country 3. Work Characteristics a. Income, seniority, department, company, work status, field of work, paid/ unpaid employee, location 4. Population Characteristics a. Ability, age, sexual orientation, gender, ethnic orgin How you perceive the listed characteristics also can classify a person because it makes them different from the next person. Diversity is an extremely complex and broad topic that many people just ignore. Gaining an understanding, and indulging in others that are different than you will build awareness in your knowledge box. Diversity Skills Now that there is a better way of wrapping our minds around diversity; skills can be addressed. Diversity skills are really just people skills. They are techniques that we use to better understand and work with people who are different than us. The key phrase to understand is â€Å"different than us†. Communication Communication is one of the most important skills that encompass the way people process and share information. It requires: 1. Active Listening a. Really understanding and hearing what the person is saying and finding interest in their topic. 2. Various ways/ styles to communicate effectively with people a. Aggressive, passive aggressive, and passive b. Communicate differently among groups c. Body language d. Add some humor or light to the context d.3.a.a. â€Å"results suggest that relational factors, such as one’s humor, may be important to the enactment of organizational citizenship behaviors among subordinates† 3. Tools of communications a. Emails, phones, text, visual aids, letters, blogs, social media network sites, virtual network sites People are all different. Take the time to listen to them and understand what they are trying to convey and then respond in a way that they will understand. Body language, electronic tools, and spoken language are all modes of communication that can be used to communicate more effectively. An amazing leader knows that communication is a skill that is built upon and continually developing. Conflict Management Conflict is defined as â€Å"one party perceives it’s interest are being opposed or set back by another party† (Kreitner and Kinicki). Conflict can be classified as functional or dysfunctional. 1. Functional a. More of a positive conflict that applies to â€Å"constructive or cooperative† conflict. (Kreitner and Kinicki) 2. Dysfunctional a. â€Å"Threaten the organizational interest† (Kreitner and Kinicki) â€Å"Dealing effectively with conflict requires fundamental skills in interpersonal relationships.†(Diversity Counciouceness, 169) According to an executive assistant that has had years of experience in social management dealing with conflict. She and her colleague believe there are nine skills that help manage conflict (Hagman and Stroope). 1. problem solving a. being able to work through a problem 2. asking for help a. If you don’t know how to do something, ask for help so that a bigger problem is prevented. 3. engaging people to talk and work together a. Get everyone input and work together 4. communicating with sources of opposition in order to reach a compromise a. Talk to the person that does not agree, and compromise. 5. practicing avoidance techniques a. Spotting signals of frustration and letting the person calm down before you try to diffuse the situation 6. letting chance decide the outcome in moments of disagreement a. Let time solve the issue 7. accepting responsibility a. Take responsibility of your actions in the issue 8. apologizing when appropriate a. Remember to say you’re sorry when appropriate 9. using humor to alleviate awkward situations. a. Never hurts to add light to a dark situation Although many people will try to avoid conflict, it still does occur because people are different. Conflict is not always necessarily negative either. It can be functional or dysfunctional. Conflict will be a constant challenge in the workplace and there are steps to take to resolve the issue. A strong leader will not let conflict destroy the ultimate goal, but will find ways to turn the conflict into a positive outcome. Empathy â€Å"Empathy is the capacity to recognize or understand another’s state of mind or emotion. It is often characterized as the ability to â€Å"put oneself into another’s shoes†, or to in some way experience the outlook or emotions of another being within oneself† There are so many fascinating explanations of empathy on the internet. What it really comes down to is putting â€Å"yourself in another their shoes† and viewing the world in the way that they would. Six habits according to, Dr. Roman Krznaric, that some empathetic people have are: 1. Curiosity about different people a. â€Å"Curiosity expands our empathy when we talk to people outside our usual social circle, encountering lives and worldviews very different from our own.† 2. Challenging prejudices and seeing the commonalities a. We all of prejudices but if we could see beyond the them, there would be some common interest or characteristics that we shared with the other person. 3. Try another person’s life a. Experiment in different lifestyles, social groups, ethnic groups, activities, etcetera. 4. Listen hard and open up a. Falls under diversity skill of communication 5. Inspire mass action and social change a. Begin with our youngest population and educate and influence them to be empathetic 6. Develop an ambitious imagination a. Don’t just empathize with those that you believe are suffering. Empathize with all whose thoughts are different. These habits will help one to attain strong diversity skills and interpersonal skills for life. A stand-out leader will want to develop their sense of empathy to better understand desires of their team members. Self-Evaluation Self-evaluation is being able to look back at how you handled a situation and assess and improve yourself. Steps to self-evaluation are: 1. Think about the situation you were just in or the task that you just completed 2. Ask yourself questions a. How did I handle it? b. How were my emotions? c. Was I comfortable? d. What could I do better? e. How did I handle the conflict? 3. Assess yourself and compare the improvement or lack of improvement 4. Know your short-comings and strengths and build on them 5. Learn from mistake and always improve yourself Self-evaluation is self awareness of one’s self. A mindful leader will know their strengths and weakness and be eager to improve. Leadership â€Å"Leadership refers to the ability to influence group members and enable them to work together and achieve their goals† (Diversity Consciousness, 170) There are some traits that make a great leader. The most important are in no specific order: Honesty Communication Positive Attitude Creativity Intuition, gut feeling Ability to Inspire Ability to delegate the job to the right person Ability to make a group a team Creativity Confident Leadership can involve many other traits or qualities but what it really comes down to is inspiring individuals. There are many different styles or approaches of leaderships that can be use to motivate people. A great leader will have strong people skills and exude confidence. Bibliography Hagemann, Bonnie, Stroope, Saundra. â€Å"CONFLICT MANAGMENT.† T+D 66, no. 7 (July 2012): 58. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed July 20, 2013). Kreitner, Rober and Kinicki Angelo. Organizational Behavior 10th Edition. McGraw Hill, 2012. Textbook. Krznaric, Roman. â€Å"Six Habits of Highly Empathic People.† 27 November 2012. Greater Good the Science of a Meaningful Life. 20 July 2013. Martin, Diane M. and Craig O Rich and Barbra Mae Gayle. â€Å"Humor Works: Communication Styles and Humor Functions in Manager/Subordinate Relationships.† Southern Commnicationm Journal 69 (n.d.): 206-222. Reference.com. 20 July 2013.